Transactions on blockchain networks sometimes fail or revert, leaving users wondering why and how to prevent such issues. A failed transaction means that no one involved in the trade or update is affected, and funds or assets remain in their original state. While this outcome may not always be immediately visible due to network congestion, the transaction status will eventually update to reflect its failure.
This article explores common causes of transaction failures on the Cardano blockchain, how they differ from failures on other blockchains like Ethereum, and practical steps to avoid or address them.
Why Do Transactions Fail on Cardano?
Blockchain Load
The Cardano blockchain can become temporarily overloaded during high traffic, causing delays or failed transactions. Each block can only hold a certain number of transactions within a set timeframe. High network traffic or congestion can temporarily overload the blockchain, causing delays or failed transactions. In such cases, your transaction might remain in a pending state before eventually failing.
Mempool Issues
The mempool (short for memory pool) acts like a "waiting line" at a store, where transactions queue up before being processed and added to a block. When transaction volume exceeds the network's processing capacity, the mempool may become full. As a result:
Transactions waiting too long in the mempool may be dropped, causing them to fail.
If your transaction is not prioritized, it might not get confirmed and could revert.
Wallet-Related Issues
UTXO Issues: Cardano uses the UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) model, where your wallet comprises smaller "sub-wallets." If two transactions attempt to use the same UTXO simultaneously, one may fail.
Insufficient Funds: Ensure your wallet has enough ADA to cover both the transaction amount and the associated fees. Transactions will fail if funds are insufficient.
Address Errors: Mistakes in the recipient’s address can cause the transaction to fail. Double-check all details before confirming a transaction.
Outdated Wallet Software: Running outdated wallet software may lead to errors or failed transactions. Regular updates ensure compatibility with the latest network changes.
Network Connectivity: A poor or unstable internet connection can disrupt the transaction process, potentially leading to failure. Always ensure a stable connection when performing transactions.
Are Fees Paid for Failed Transactions?
One notable feature of Cardano is that when a transaction fails, no ADA is deducted from your wallet. This is in contrast to Ethereum, where even a failed transaction incurs a partial fee. On Cardano, you are only charged when a transaction is successful, and you can verify this with a confirmed Cardanoscan link in the "Activity" tab of your wallet.
Conclusion
While transaction failures can be frustrating, understanding their causes and following best practices can help you avoid common pitfalls. Cardano’s approach to failed transactions—where no fees are charged unless the transaction is successful—offers a user-friendly advantage. If you encounter persistent issues, consider reaching out to the support team for your wallet or platform for assistance.
